Number 34

The Order of the visitation of Holy Mary was founded in 1610 by Saint-François de Sales and Saint-Jeanne de Chantal. Its history, from its origins to its dismantling, illustrates the Monegasque society of the 17th and 18th centuries. The princes of Monaco and their family were close to this Order. (full text in French)

Richly illustrated by archives photographies, this article covers the history of the International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo, which is nowadays a key event. But this has not always been the case… (full text in French)

The torpedoing of the german ship Netztender 44 is not a well-known episode of Second World War which occurred in the principality. Relying on different testimonies of that time and a detailed reconstruction, this article tells us more about this period, when Monaco, a haven of peace, also faced several civilian casualties. (full text in French)

Two documents, of the utmost historical importance, are translated from latin and preceded by some instructions. They refer to Jean Grimaldi’s feudal investiture and the donation of Menton and Roquebrune lordships by the Duke of Savoy (December 19th 1448). Then, the documents present Jean’s will, “charte fondamentale du droit grimaldien” (April, 5th 1454). (full text in French)

In this third and last part, Prince Antoine describes several cities, among which Suze, Chambéry, Geneva, Lausanne, Basel, Strasbourg, Manheim, Stuttgart, Munich, Francfort, Mayence, Cologne, Utrecht and Amsterdam. The duke hurriedly went back to Paris after this stay, without mentioning any explanation. Was it his father’s wish as the journey took a long time? (full text in French)